Elizabeth DE QUINCY (1220-1282)

2.

Roger DE QUINCY 2nd Earl of Winchester 2nd Earl of Winchester, son of Saer DE QUINCY 1st Earl of Winchester 1st Earl of Winchester and Margaret DE BEAUMONT, was born in 1195 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. He died on 5 Apr 1264 in Brackley, Northamptonshire, England. He was buried in Apr 1264 in Saint Peter Churchyard, Brackley, Northamptonshire, England. He married Helen DE GALLOWAY Countess of Winchester. He married Helen DE GALLOWAY.

Helen DE GALLOWAY Countess of Winchester Countess of Winchester was born in Aug 1207 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. She died on 21 Nov 1245 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was buried in Brackley, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She and Roger DE QUINCY 2nd Earl of Winchester had the following children:

3.

Helen DE GALLOWAY, daughter of Alan FITZROLAND Lord of Galloway Lord of Galloway and Unknown DE LACY, was born in Aug 1207 in Carrick. She died on 21 Nov 1245 in Aberdeenshire. She was buried on 30 Nov 1245 in Aberdeenshire.

Helen of Galloway (fl. thirteenth century) was a daughter and co-heiress of Alan, Lord of Galloway (died 1234) and his first wife, a daughter of Roger de Lacy, Constable of Chester. Helen was the first wife of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester (died 1264). Although Helen was the first of Roger's three wives, his only descendants were his three daughters by Helen.

1.) Margaret, married William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby (died 1254)

2.) Elizabeth (or Isabella), married Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan (died 1289)

3.) Helen, married Alan de la Zouche (died 1270).

BIRTH: Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Kimball G. Everingham, ed., 5

vols. (Salt Lake City: by the author, 2013), Quincy, 4:446; Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands: A Prosopography of Medieval

European Noble and Royal Families, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Scotland, Mormaers, Earls, Lords: Galloway

(http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands), accessed 12 Feb 2023.

MAR: Richardson, Royal Ancestry, 4:446; Cawley, Medieval Lands, Scotland, Mormaers, Earls, Lords: Galloway.

DEATH: Cawley, Medieval Lands, Scotland, Mormaers, Earls, Lords: Galloway.

BUR: Ibid.

Countess of Winchester.

Roger DE QUINCY 2nd Earl of Winchester and Helen DE GALLOWAY had the following children:

4.

Saer DE QUINCY 1st Earl of Winchester 1st Earl of Winchester, son of Robert DE QUINCY JUSTICIAR OF LOTHIAN and Judith Orabilis FITZNESS OF LEUCHARS, was born in 1090 in Daventry, Northamptonshire, England, United Kingdom. He married c. 1136. He died in 1158 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. Saher de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester (c. 1155-3 November 1219) (or Saieur di Quinci) was one of the leaders of the baronial rebellion against John, King of England, and a major figure in both the kingdoms of Scotland and England in the decades around the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

Scottish Upbringing

Saher de Quincy's immediate background was in the Scottish kingdom: his father, Robert de Quincy, was a knight in the service of King William the Lion, and his mother, Orabilis de Mar, was the heiress of the lordship of Leuchars in Fife (see below).

His own rise to prominence in England came through his marriage to Margaret, the younger sister of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester: but it is probably no coincidence that her other brother was the de Quincy's powerful Fife neighbour, Roger de Beaumont, Bishop of St Andrews. Earl Robert died in 1204, and left Margaret as co-heiress to the vast earldom along with her elder sister. The estate was split in half, and after the final division was ratified in 1207, de Quincy was made Earl of Winchester.

Earl of Winchester

Following his marriage, Winchester became a prominent military and diplomatic figure in England. There is no evidence of any close alliance with King John, however, and his rise to importance was probably due to his newly acquired magnate status and the family connections that underpinned it.

One man with whom he does seem to have developed a close personal relationship is his cousin, Robert Fitzwalter (d. 1235). In 1203, they served as co-commanders of the garrison at the major fortress of Vaudreuil in Normandy. They surrendered the castle without a fight to Philip II of France, fatally weakening the English position in northern France. Although popular opinion seems to have blamed them for the capitulation, a royal writ is extant stating that the castle was surrendered at King John's command, and both Winchester and Fitzwalter endured personal humiliation and heavy ransoms at the hands of the French.

In Scotland, he was perhaps more successful. In 1211 to 1212, the Earl of Winchester commanded an imposing retinue of a hundred knights and a hundred serjeants in William the Lion's campaign against the Mac William rebels, a force which some historians have suggested may have been the mercenary force from Brabant lent to the campaign by John.

Magna Carta

In 1215, when the baronial rebellion broke out, Robert Fitzwalter became the military commander, and the Earl of Winchester joined him, acting as one of the chief authors of Magna Carta and negotiators with John; both cousins were among the 25 guarantors of the Magna Carta. De Quincy fought against John in the troubles that followed the sealing of the Charter, and, again with Fitzwalter, travelled to France to invite Prince Louis of France to take the English throne. He and Fitzwalter were subsequently among the most committed and prominent supporters of Louis's candidature for the kingship, against both John and the infant Henry III.

The Fifth Crusade

When military defeat cleared the way for Henry III to take the throne, de Quincy went on crusade, perhaps in fulfilment of an earlier vow. In 1219 he left to join the Fifth Crusade, then besieging Damietta. While in the east, he fell sick and died. He was buried in Acre, the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, rather than in Egypt, and his heart was brought back and interred at Garendon Abbey near Loughborough, a house endowed by his wife's family.

Family

The family of de Quincy had arrived in England after the Norman Conquest, and took their name from Cuinchy in the Arrondissement of Béthune; the personal name "Saher" was used by them over several generations. Both names are variously spelt in primary sources and older modern works, the first name being sometimes rendered Saher or Seer, and the surname as Quency or Quenci.

The first recorded Saher de Quincy (known to historians as "Saer I") was lord of the manor of Long Buckby in Northamptonshire in the earlier twelfth century, and second husband of Matilda of St Liz, stepdaughter of King David I of Scotland by Maud of Northumbria. This marriage produced two sons, Saer II and Robert de Quincy. It was Robert, the younger son, who was the father of the Saer de Quincy who eventually became Earl of Winchester. By her first husband Robert Fitz Richard, Matilda was also the paternal grandmother of Earl Saer's close ally, Robert Fitzwalter.

Robert de Quincy seems to have inherited no English lands from his father, and pursued a knightly career in Scotland, where he is recorded from around 1160 as a close companion of his cousin, King William the Lion. By 1170 he had married Orabilis, heiress of the Scottish lordship of Leuchars and, through her, he became lord of an extensive complex of estates north of the border which included lands in Fife, Strathearn and Lothian.

Saher de Quincy, the son of Robert de Quincy and Orabilis of Leuchars, was raised largely in Scotland. His absence from English records for the first decades of his life has led some modern historians and genealogists to confuse him with his uncle, Saer II, who took part in the rebellion of Henry the Young King in 1173, when the future Earl of Winchester can have been no more than a toddler. Saer II's line ended without direct heirs, and his nephew and namesake would eventually inherit his estate, uniting his primary Scottish holdings with the family's Northamptonshire patrimony, and possibly some lands in France.

Issue

By his wife Margaret de Beaumont, Earl Saher had three sons and three daughters:

1.) Lora who married Sir William de Valognes, Chamberlain of Scotland.

2.) Arabella who married Sir Richard Harcourt.

3.) Robert (d. 1217), before 1206 he married Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln, sister and co-heiress of Randolph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester.

4.) Roger, who succeeded his father as earl of Winchester (though he did not take formal possession of the earldom until after his mother's death).

5.) Robert de Quincy (second son of that name; d. 1257) who married Elen, daughter of the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great.

6.) Hawise, who married Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford. Saer was buried aft 3 Nov 1219 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. He married Margaret DE BEAUMONT. He married Margaret DE BEAUMONT.

Margaret DE BEAUMONT and Saer DE QUINCY 1st Earl of Winchester had the following children:

5.

Margaret DE BEAUMONT, daughter of Robert DE BEAUMONT 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl of Leicester and Petronella DE GRANDMESNIL Countess of Leicester Countess of Leicester, was born on 2 Aug 1154 in Groby, Leicestershire, England. She died on 12 Jan 1235 in Brackley, Northamptonshire, England. She was buried in 1235 in Garendon, Leicestershire, England.

Saer DE QUINCY 1st Earl of Winchester and Margaret DE BEAUMONT had the following children:

Saer DE QUINCY 1st Earl of Winchester and Margaret DE BEAUMONT had the following children:

6.

Alan FITZROLAND Lord of Galloway Lord of Galloway, son of Roland MACUCHTRED OF GALLOWAY and Elena DE MORVILLE, was born in 1186 in Galloway, Scotland. He died in 1234 in Kirkcudbright, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. He was buried aft Apr 1234 in Dundrennan Abbey, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. He married Unknown DE LACY.

Alan of Galloway (before 1199 – 1234), also known as Alan fitz Roland, was a leading thirteenth-century Scottish magnate. As the hereditary Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland, he was one of the most influential men in the Kingdom of Scotland and Irish Sea zone.

...

Alan was born sometime before 1199. He was the eldest son of Roland fitz Uhtred, Lord of Galloway, and his wife, Helen de Morville. His parents were likely married before 1185, possibly at some point in the 1170s, since Roland was compelled to hand over three sons as hostages to Henry II, King of England in 1186. Roland and Helen had three sons, and two daughters. The name of one of Alan's brothers is unknown, suggesting that he died young. The other, Thomas, became Earl of Atholl by right of his wife. One of Alan's sisters, Ada, married Walter Bisset, Lord of Aboyne. The other, Dervorguilla, married Nicholas de Stuteville, Lord of Liddel.

...

Alan was married three times.

His first wife was a daughter of Roger de Lacy, Constable of Chester. It was likely upon this union that Alan gained the English lordship of Kippax as maritagium from his father-in-law.

Alan's second marriage, to David's daughter Margaret, is dated to 1209 by the Chronicle of Lanercost and Chronicle of Melrose.

The date of Alan's third marriage, to Hugh [de Lacy]'s daughter Rose, is generally thought to date to 1229, as stated by the Chronicle of Lanercost. Another possible date for this marriage is about a decade earlier.

Alan's second marriage. allied him to the Scottish royal family, and his first and third marriages allied him to the two main branches of the powerful Lacy family—firstly the Pontefract branch, and afterwards the Woebley branch.

Alan had several children from his first two marriages, although only daughters appear to have reached adulthood.

Marriage 1

1. One daughter died whilst a Scottish hostage of the English king, her death being reported in June 1213.

2. Helen, another daughter married Roger de Quincy. Although the date of this union is unknown, it may have taken place before Alan's death, and could well have been the point when her husband came into possession of Kippax. At some point before 1234,

Marriage 2

1. Christiana married William de Forz.

2. In 1233, Dervorguilla, married John de Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle.

3. Alan had a son named Thomas. A product of Alan's second marriage, he was his only known legitimate male offspring. Although the date of this son's death is unknown, he may have lived into in the 1220s.

- Additionally, Alan had an illegitimate son, also named Thomas.

Death

Thomas, Alan's brother, died in 1231, possibly from injuries suffered in a tournament accident. Alan's death, about three years later in 1234, is recorded by the Annals of Ulster, the Chronicle of Melrose, and the Chronicle of Lanercost—the later specifying the month February. Alan's body was interred at Dundrennan Abbey, a Cistercian religious house founded by his paternal great-grandfather.

...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_of_Galloway.

7.

Unknown DE LACY was born c. 1180 in England. She died bef 1209 in Galloway Dumfriesshire Scotland. She was buried in 1245 in Scotland, United Kingdom.

i)--- de Lacy (-[1201/06]). Keith Stringer says that "one of the daughters of Roger de Lacy was evidently Alan’s first wife" and that "the manor of Kippax" was her dowry, quoting a charter, dated to [19 Dec 1200/1206], under which "Alanus filius Rollandi, dominus Galuuaith Scotie constabularius…et heredibus meis" gave quitclaim to "Rogero de Lascy Cestrie constabularius et heredibus suis" for "advocationem ecclesie de Kipeis"[492]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the following document: the Curia Regis rolls record in 1214 “John [de Lacy] de warrantia carte de terra de Kippes...should warrant the charters of his father Roger which Alan [de Galloway]...has concerning the maritagium of his sister”[493]. m (before [19 Dec 1200/1206]) as his first wife, ALAN Lord of Galloway, son of ROLAND Lord of Galloway & his wife Helen de Moreville (-[2] Feb 1234, bur Dundraynan). http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISHNOBILITYMEDIEVAL3T-Z.htm#dauRogerLacyMAlanGalloway.

Alan FITZROLAND Lord of Galloway and Unknown DE LACY had the following children:

8.

Robert DE QUINCY JUSTICIAR OF LOTHIAN was born in 1138 in Long Buckby, Northamptonshire, England. He had the title 'Sir'. He died on 29 Sep 1197 in Buckley Manor, Northamptonshire, England. He married Judith Orabilis FITZNESS OF LEUCHARS.

9.

Judith Orabilis FITZNESS OF LEUCHARS was born c. 1135 in Leuchars, Fife, Scotland. She married c. 1152 in Brackley, Northamptonshire, England. She died bef Jun 1203 in Long Buckby.

Robert DE QUINCY JUSTICIAR OF LOTHIAN and Judith Orabilis FITZNESS OF LEUCHARS had the following children:

10.

Robert DE BEAUMONT 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl of Leicester, son of Robert DE BEAUMONT 2nd Earl of Leicester 2nd Earl of Leicester and Amice DE GAEL, was born in 1121 in Beaumont, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France. He married Petronella DE GRANDMESNIL Countess of Leicester in 1155 in Leicester Abbey, Leicestershire, England. He died on 31 Aug 1190 in Durazzo Provence, West, Albania.

Robert was the only son of Robert, second earl of Leicester, and Amice (daughter of Ralph de Gael). He was born after a number of elder sisters. He inherited from his father large estates in England and Normandy.

After 1154 he seems to have spent much of his time in charge of the Leicester lands in Normandy. By 1159 he had received from the king the marriage of Petronilla, daughter & heir of William de Grandmesnil.

The seal he used before his father's death demonstrates that he had taken the surname de Breteuil. This has some significance in that it reveals him stressing his descent from William fitz Osbern.

Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester (1168–1190) was an English nobleman, one of the principal followers of Henry the Young King in the Revolt of 1173–1174 against his father Henry II. He is also called Robert Blanchemains (meaning "White Hands" in French) and Robert Harcourt. Lord High Steward 1168–1190 [1].

When the revolt of the younger Henry broke out in April 1173, Robert went to his castle at Breteuil in Normandy. The rebels' aim was to take control of the duchy, but Henry II himself led an army to besiege the castle; Robert fled, and the Breteuil was taken on September 25 or 26.

Robert apparently went to Flanders, where he raised a large force of mercenaries, and landed at Walton, Suffolk, on 29 September 1173. He joined forces with Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk, and the two marched west, aiming to cut England in two across the Midlands and to relieve the king's siege of Robert's castle at Leicester. However, they were intercepted by the king's supporters and defeated in battle at Fornham, near Bury St Edmunds, on 17 October. Robert, along with his wife and many others, was taken prisoner, according to legend, by Sir William Chamberlayne, Lord of North Riston and Petsoe. Henry II took away the earl's lands and titles as well.

He remained in captivity until January 1177, well after most of the other prisoners had been released. The king was in a strong position and could afford to be merciful; not long after his release Robert's lands and titles were restored, but not his castles. All but two of his castles had been destroyed, and those two (Montsorrel in Leicestershire and Pacy in Normandy) remained in the king's hands.

Robert had little influence in the remaining years of Henry II's reign, but was restored to favour by Richard I. He carried one of the swords of state at Richard's coronation in 1189.

Robert took part in the third crusade and died at Durazzo (others say Dyrrachium), in 1190, probably at the end of August. He was buried in Leicester Abbey.

Children

He had three sons,

- William de Breteuil (who predeceased him in 1189),

- Robert, who succeeded him as earl,

- Roger, who was elected bishop of St Andrews in 1189.

He also had several daughters, among them:

- Amice married first Simon de Montfort the younger, count of Évreux, and second William des Barres the elder;

- Margaret married Saer de Quincy (d. 1219);

- Hawise entered the priory of Nuneaton as a nun,

- Petronilla, is mentioned in the obituary of Lyre Abbey.

Sources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_3rd_Earl_of_Leicester

Royal Database, Camelot International, Good (Burke's old records) http://www.camelotintl.com/royal/list/index.html

Ancestral File Number: 8HRJ-4K 91VK-GS

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

The Phillips, Weber, Kirk, & Staggs families of the Pacific Northwest, by Jim Weber, Rootsweb.com

Nichol's Lcstrs, vol 1 pt 1 p. 98 (GS #Q942.54 H2nic)

Wurts' Magna Charta vol 1-2 p. 185 (GS #942 D22w)

Clutterbuck's Hrtfrd, vol 3 p. 287 (GS #Q942.58 H2c)

Complete Peerage vol 7 p. 520 (GS #942 D24c)

Dict of Nat'l Biog vol 4 p. 67, 68, 113 (GS # Ref 920.042 D561n)

Plantagenet Ancestry p. 100 (GS #Q940 D2t)

The Battle Abbey Roll vol 3 p. 47, vol 2 p. 306-326, vol 1 p. 148

Dugdale's Baronage of England, vol 1 p. 868 (GS #Q942 D22dw)

Baker's Nrthmp, vol 1 p. 563, 241 (GS #Q942.55 H2ba)

Adjusted for Leland J. Hendrix (21 gg son to #2) 931 S. 100 E., Orem, Utah 84057, 18 Apr 1968

Proving Your Pedigree (GS #929.1 B439p)

Americans of Royal Descent (GS #973 D2ba)

https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/13078823/person/607459379/facts

https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/6835128/person/-970510580/facts

https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/16746257/family

Wikitree : https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Beaumont-82

11.

Petronella DE GRANDMESNIL Countess of Leicester Countess of Leicester was born in 1134 in Leicester, Leicestershire, England. She died on 1 Apr 1212 in Leicester. She and Robert DE BEAUMONT 3rd Earl of Leicester had the following children:

12.

Roland MACUCHTRED OF GALLOWAY, son of Fergus OF GALLOWAY and Elizabeth FITZROY, was born c. 1164 in Scotland. His Custom Attribute was 'FOUNDED GLENLUCE ABBEY A Cistercian monastery called also Abbey of Luce or Vallis Lucis and founded around 1190 by Lochlann, Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenluce_Abbey ' in 1191 in Glenluce, Wigtownshire, Scotland. He died on 12 Dec 1200 in Northampton, Northamptonshire, England. He was buried in Dec 1200 in Abbey of Saint Andrew, Northamptonshire, England. His Custom Attribute was 'Also Known As Lochlann of Galloway In 1200, Lochlan accompanied his liege King William of Scotland to England where he gave homage to the new king, John.' in 1200 in England. He married Elena DE MORVILLE.

13.

Elena DE MORVILLE was born c. 1166 in Kirkoswald, Cumberland, England. She died on 11 Jun 1217 in Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. She was buried in Abbey of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland.

"During the 1180s the king [William the Lion] struck up an alliance with Lachlan (or 'Roland'), lord of Galloway, who had married into the Anglo-Norman family of Moreville, and whose change of name neatly captures the interaction that was beginning between the native and foreign cultures. When in 1187 William was again faced by a northern uprising, it was Roland who captured its leader, Donald mac William, a distant kinsman of the king". p. 59: "Roland of Galloway's marriage to the Moreville heiress expanded the family's interests." [Ref: Political Development of the British Isles 1100-1400, by Robin Frame, Oxford, 1990, p. 42]

"Roland, Lord of Galloway, the son of Uchtred. On the death of his uncle, Gilbert, in 1185, Roland rose in arms, and possessed himself of all of Galloway." Henry II threatened to invade in 1186; Roland agreed to swear fealty, give his three sons as hostages, and keep Uchtred's lands. Gilbert's son Duncan got Carrick. "Roland greatly increased his lands by marrying Eva, Ela, or Helena, daughter of Richard de Moreville, Constable of Scotland, who died 1196. Roland inherited the office of Constable. Issue: 1. Alan. 2. Thomas, Earl of Atholl. 3. ---, hostage in 1186. Daughter Ada married Sir Walter Bisset." [Ref: "Peerage of Scotland" by John Philip Wood, Edinburgh, 1813, v 1, pp. 612-13]

"On the death of the cruel Gilbert in 1185, Roland, son of Uchtred, claimed the lordship of Galloway. . . . Roland, the father of Alan and Thomas, obtained extensive estates in the shires of Northampton, Huntingdon, and Bedford, in right of his wife, Elena de Moreville (Joseph Bain, "Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland", vol. i, p. 47)." [Ref: A History of Dumfries and Galloway" by Sir Herbert Maxwell, Edinburgh, 1896, p 56]

"In 1200 Lachlan, alias Roland, son of Uhtred lord of Galloway, remembered . . . that his wife Helen de Morville, heir of her father Richard and of her grandmother Beatrice de Beauchamp, was entitled to four knights' fees respectively at Bozeat, Northants, Whissendine and Whitwell in Rutland, Offord in Huntingdonshire, and Houghton Conquest beside Bedford--the 5 hides at Houghton having been originally acquired by Hugh de Beauchamp, Beatrice's grandfather, probably not long before 1086." [Ref: The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History" by G.W.S. Barrow, Oxford, 1980, p 17].

Roland MACUCHTRED OF GALLOWAY and Elena DE MORVILLE had the following children:

14.

Robert DE BEAUMONT 2nd Earl of Leicester 2nd Earl of Leicester, son of Robert DE BEAUMONT Conte de Meulan Conte de Meulan and Elizabeth DE VERMANDOIS Countess of Leicester Countess of Leicester, was born on 24 Nov 1104 in Groby, Leicestershire, England. He married Amice DE GAEL on 25 Nov 1120 in Brittany, France. He died on 5 Apr 1168 in St Marys De Pre, Leicester, Leicestershire, England. He was buried on 15 Apr 1168 in Leicester Abbey, Leicester, Leicestershire, England.

15.

Amice DE GAEL was born in 1108 in Norfolk, England. She was christened in Monford de Gael, Brittany, France. She died on 31 Aug 1168 in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England, United Kingdom. She was buried in 1168 in Leicestershire, England. She and Robert DE BEAUMONT 2nd Earl of Leicester had the following children:

16.

Fergus OF GALLOWAY was born in 1080 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. He died in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland. He was buried on 12 May 1161 in Holyrood Abbey. He married Elizabeth FITZROY.

Fergus of Galloway was the ruler of the Kingdom of Galloway. Galloway is located in the southwest of Scotland. Galloway was a combination of Irish, Scottish, Scandinavian and English. Fergus was called variously: King of Galloway, Lord of Galloway, Prince of Galloway, and Princeps of Galloway. At the end of his reign, Galloway was absorbed into Scotland. His sons continued to rule their sections of Galloway but were sub-lords under the King of Scotland.

The parentage of Fergus is not known, it is believed that he was of Norse-Gaelic ancestry and that his family was the most powerful in the region.

Fergus married an illegitimate daughter of Henry I, King of England, Elizabeth Fitzroy (also known as Elizabeth FitzHenry). Fergus and Elizabeth had 3 children:

- Affraic, only known daughter, married Olaf the Red (Olaf Gofredson/Olaf Gofradsson)

- Uchtred, joint ruler of Galloway from 1161 to 1174 with his brother; murdered in 1174

- Gilla Brigte, joint ruler of Galloway from 1161 to 1174, then sole ruler until his death in 1185; responsible for the death of his brother Uchtred.

Throughout Fergus' rule, he formed alliances and balanced control of his region between England and Scotland. Fergus' marriage to a daughter of King Henry of England was part of this balancing act, as was the marriage of his daughter Affraic to Olaf the Red. After King Henry's death, Galloway's position became more precarious, with David of Scotland seeking to strengthen his hold on the entire region and in opposition to Stephen of Blois who took the throne of England after Henry. Malcolm IV came into power in Scotland in 1153, for a time his attention was focused on England but in 1160 he launched 3 military expeditions into Galloway. The Gallovidians mounted a strong resistance but by year's end, Galloway was under the control of Scotland.

Fergus and his family were all strong ecclesiastical patrons, working with the Augustinians and the Benedictines.

Fergus was forced to retire to Holyrood Abbey and become a monk. Malcolm IV took Fergus's son Uchtred as a royal hostage. Within a year, Fergus died at Holyrood on May 12, 1161. Galloway was split under the joint rulership of Fergus's two sons, Uchtred and Gille Brigte.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Fergus forged a marital alliance with Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles through the marriage of the latter to Fergus' daughter, Affraic. As a consequence of this union, the leading branch of the Crovan dynasty descended from Fergus. When Óláfr was assassinated by a rival branch of the dynasty, Galloway itself was attacked before Fergus' grandson, Guðrøðr Óláfsson, was able to seize control of the Isles. Both Fergus and his grandson appear to have overseen military operations in Ireland, before the latter was overthrown by Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll. The fact that there is no record of Fergus lending Guðrøðr support against Somairle could be evidence of a slackening of Fergus' authority. Contemporary sources certainly report that Galloway was wracked by inter-dynastic strife during the decade.

Fergus' fall from power came in 1160, after Malcolm IV, King of Scotland settled a dispute amongst his leading magnates and launched three military campaigns into Galloway. The reasons for the Scottish invasion are unknown. On one hand, it is possible that Fergus had precipitated events by preying upon Scottish territories. In the aftermath of the attack, the king came to terms with Somairle which could be evidence that he had either been allied with Fergus against the Scots or that he had aided in Fergus' destruction. Whatever the case, Fergus himself was driven from power and forced to retire to the abbey of Holyrood. He died the next year. The Lordship of Galloway appears to have been partitioned between his sons, Gilla Brigte and Uhtred, and Scottish influence further penetrated into Galloway.

17.

Elizabeth FITZROY, daughter of Henry BEAUCLERC King of England Plantagenet I King of England Plantagenet I, was born in 1095 in Talbey, Yorkshire, England. She died on 12 May 1166 in Edinburgh Castle, Scotland. She was buried in May 1166 in Holyrood Abbey, Midlothian, Scotland.

Several descendants of Fergus of Galloway are referred to as relatives of kings of England. This has led to various speculation as to the nature of the relationship, which seems to have come via Fergus' wife, whose name or identity is not found in contemporary records. Through the course of centuries, she has come to be called 'Elizabeth', a name for which there is no historical basis.

The earliest placement made her a daughter of William II Rufus, but there is no evidence this was the case, and that king is not known to have had any children. A modern consensus has arisen that she was instead daughter of Henry I, close enough to be consistent with the claims of a relationship, and known to have had numerous illegitimate children.

Fergus had 3 children, presumably by this wife:

- Uchtred of Galloway

- Gille Brigte of Galloway, also known as Gilbert macFergus

- Affraic of Galloway who married Olaf, King Isle Man

There is some question if Gille Brigte was 'Elizabeth''s son or born of a different mother. Uhtred is specifically identified as a cousin of King Henry II, Henry I's grandson, however no such indication has been found in reference to Gille Brigte.

Elizabeth's husband Fergus died May 12 1161, it is not known exactly when Elizabeth died.

* Scots Peerage Volume 4, page 136, names her as 'Elizabeth, the youngest natural daughter of King Henry I of England'

* The Magna Charta Sureties, Line 121B and 121C, pg. 119, names her as "Elizabeth(Isabel) yngst illeg dau of Henry I"

* Caledonia or a Historical and Topographic Account of North Britain, Vol. 1, pg. 366, names her as "Elizabeth, the youngest natural daughter of Henry I"

* Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Line 38, pg. 46-47, names her "prob. Elizabeth yngst illeg dau of Henry I "

* The Foundation for Medieval Genealogy says Fergus "m. ELIZABETH, daughter of ---."

* Fergus of Galloway in Wikipedia says "There is a considerable amount of evidence indicating that Fergus married a daughter of Henry I (many believe it was Elizabeth Fitzroy)" and names 5 sources.

Fergus OF GALLOWAY and Elizabeth FITZROY had the following children:

18.

Robert DE BEAUMONT Conte de Meulan Conte de Meulan was born on 6 Dec 1046 in Pont-Audemer, Eure, Upper Normandy, France. He married Elizabeth DE VERMANDOIS Countess of Leicester in 1096 in Aquitaine, France. He died on 5 Jun 1118 in Abbey de Preaux, Pont Audemer, Normandy, France. He was buried in 1118 in Abbey Of Saint Peter, Les Preaux, Normandy, France.

Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester (c. 1040/1050 – 5 June 1118), also known as Robert of Meulan, Count of Meulan, was a powerful Norman nobleman, one of the companions of William the Conqueror during the Norman Conquest of England, and was revered as one of the wisest men of his age. Chroniclers spoke highly of his eloquence, his learning, and three kings of England valued his counsel. He was granted considerable lands in the Midlands by William and Henry I and made the Earl of Leicester.

Robert was born between 1040–1050, the eldest son of Roger de Beaumont (1015–1094) by his wife Adeline of Meulan (died 1081), a daughter of Waleran III, Count de Meulan, and was an older brother of Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick (c. 1050–1119).

Robert de Beaumont was one of only a small number of men known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, as well as being a cousin of William, and was leader of the infantry on the right wing of the Norman army, as evidenced in the following near contemporary account by William of Poitiers:

"A certain Norman, Robert, son of Roger of Beaumont, being nephew and heir to Henry, Count of Meulan, through Henry's sister Adeline, found himself that day in battle for the first time. He was as yet but a young man and he performed feats of valour worthy of perpetual remembrance. At the head of a troop which he commanded on the right wing he attacked with the utmost bravery and success".

His service earned him the grant of more than 91 English manors confiscated from the defeated English, as listed in the Domesday Book of 1086.

When his mother died in 1081, Robert inherited the title of Count of Meulan in Normandy, and the title Viscount Ivry and Lord of Norton. He paid homage to King Philip I of France for these estates and sat as a French Peer in the Parliament held at Poissy.

He and his brother Henry were members of the Royal hunting party in the New Forest in Hampshire when King William II Rufus (1087–1100) was shot dead accidentally by an arrow on 2 August 1100. He pledged allegiance to William II's brother, King Henry I (1100–1135), who created him Earl of Leicester in 1107.

He was the last surviving Norman nobleman to have fought in the Battle of Hastings.

Robert de Beaumont was buried at the Abbey of Saint-Pierre de Préaux in Normandy.

In 1096, he married Elizabeth (or Isabel) de Vermandois, daughter of Hugh Magnus (1053–1101) and Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois (1050–1120).

In 1096 Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester (d. 1118) and reputed to be the "wisest man in his time between London and Jerusalem" insisted, in defiance of the laws of the Church, on marrying the very young Elizabeth, he being over fifty at the time. In early 1096 Bishop Ivo, on hearing of the proposed marriage, wrote a letter forbidding the marriage and preventing its celebration on the grounds of consanguinuity, i.e. that the two were related within prohibited degrees.

After his death Elizabeth remarried in 1118 to William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey.

He had the following progeny:

1. Waleran IV de Beaumont, Count of Meulan, 1st Earl of Worcester (b. 1104), eldest twin and heir.

2. Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester & Earl of Hereford (b. 1104), twin

3. Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford (born c. 1106)

4. Emma de Beaumont (born 1102)

5. Adeline de Beaumont, married twice:

- Hugh de Montfort-sur-Risle;

- Richard de Granville of Bideford (died 1147)

6. Aubree de Beaumont, married Hugh II of Châteauneuf-Thimerais.

7. Agnes de Beaumont, a nun

8. Maud de Beaumont, married William Lovel (born c. 1102)

9. Isabel de Beaumont, a mistress of King Henry I. Married twice:

- Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke;

- Hervé de Montmorency, Constable of Ireland

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont%2C_1st_Earl_of_Leicester

19.

Elizabeth DE VERMANDOIS Countess of Leicester Countess of Leicester, daughter of Hugues DE VERMANDOIS Ier Ier and Adélaïdec DE VERMANDOIS Comtesse de Vermandois et Valois Comtesse de Vermandois et Valois, was born on 13 Feb 1085 in Valois, Oise, Picardie, France. She died on 13 Feb 1131 in Prieuré Saint-Nicaise de Meulan, Diocèse de Chartres, Seine-et-Oise, France. She was buried on 17 Feb 1131 in Priory of Lewes, Lewes, Sussex, England. She and Robert DE BEAUMONT Conte de Meulan had the following children:

20.

Henry BEAUCLERC King of England Plantagenet I King of England Plantagenet I, son of William THE CONQUEROR King of England I King of England I and Matilda OF FLANDERS Queen Consort of England Queen Consort of England, was born c. 1068 in Yorkshire, England. He died on 1 Dec 1135 in Saint-Denis-en-Lyons, Eure, Normandy, France. He was buried on 3 Jan 1136 in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England.

Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry "Beauclerc", was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135. He was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and was educated in Latin and the liberal arts. On William's death in 1087, Henry's elder brothers Robert Curthose and William Rufus inherited Normandy and England, respectively, but Henry was left landless. He purchased the County of Cotentin in western Normandy from Robert, but his brothers deposed him in 1091. He gradually rebuilt his power base in the Cotentin and allied himself with William against Robert.

Present at the place where his brother William died in a hunting accident in 1100, Henry seized the English throne, promising at his coronation to correct many of William's less popular policies. He married Matilda of Scotland and they had two children, William Adelin and Empress Matilda; he also had many illegitimate children by his many mistresses. Robert, who invaded in 1101, disputed Henry's control of England; this military campaign ended in a negotiated settlement that confirmed Henry as king. The peace was short-lived, and Henry invaded the Duchy of Normandy in 1105 and 1106, finally defeating Robert at the Battle of Tinchebray. Henry kept Robert imprisoned for the rest of his life. Henry's control of Normandy was challenged by Louis VI of France, Baldwin VII of Flanders and Fulk V of Anjou, who promoted the rival claims of Robert's son, William Clito, and supported a major rebellion in the Duchy between 1116 and 1119. Following Henry's victory at the Battle of Brémule, a favourable peace settlement was agreed with Louis in 1120.

Considered by contemporaries to be a harsh but effective ruler, Henry skillfully manipulated the barons in England and Normandy. In England, he drew on the existing Anglo-Saxon system of justice, local government and taxation, but also strengthened it with additional institutions, including the royal exchequer and itinerant justices. Normandy was also governed through a growing system of justices and an exchequer. Many of the officials who ran Henry's system were "new men" of obscure backgrounds, rather than from families of high status, who rose through the ranks as administrators. Henry encouraged ecclesiastical reform, but became embroiled in a serious dispute in 1101 with Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, which was resolved through a compromise solution in 1105. He supported the Cluniac order and played a major role in the selection of the senior clergy in England and Normandy.

Henry's son William drowned in the White Ship disaster of 1120, throwing the royal succession into doubt. Henry took a second wife, Adeliza of Louvain, in the hope of having another son, but their marriage was childless. In response to this, he declared his daughter Matilda his heir and married her to Geoffrey of Anjou. The relationship between Henry and the couple became strained, and fighting broke out along the border with Anjou. Henry died on 1 December 1135 after a week of illness, possibly from food poisoning. Despite his plans for Matilda, the King was succeeded by his nephew Stephen of Blois, resulting in a period of civil war known as the Anarchy.

Family and children

Legitimate

King Henry is famed for holding the record for the largest number of acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king, with the number being around 20 or 25. He had many mistresses, and identifying which mistress is the mother of which child is difficult. His illegitimate offspring for whom there is documentation are:

With Matilda (daughter of Malcolm III)

• Maitida married Geoffrey Comte d'Anjou

• William Ætheling Duke of Normandy

With Edith

• Matilda du Perche, married Count Rotrou II of Perche, perished in the wreck of the White Ship.

With Ansfride

• Ansfride was born c. 1070. She was the wife of Anskill of Seacourt, at Wytham in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire).

Juliane de Fontevrault, married Eustace de Pacy. She tried to shoot her father with a crossbow after King Henry allowed her two young daughters to be blinded.

• Fulk FitzRoy, a monk at Abingdon.

• Richard of Lincoln, perished in the wreck of the White Ship.

With Sybil Corbet

Lady Sybilla Corbet of Alcester was born in 1077 in Alcester in Warwickshire. She married Herbert FitzHerbert, son of Herbert 'the Chamberlain' of Winchester and Emma de Blois. She died after 1157 and was also known as Adela (or Lucia) Corbet. Sybil was definitely mother of Sybil and Rainald, possibly also of William and Rohese. Some sources suggest that there was another daughter by this relationship, Gundred, but it appears that she was thought as such because she was a sister of Reginald de Dunstanville but it appears that that was another person of that name who was not related to this family.

• Sybilla of England, married King Alexander I of Scotland.

• William Constable, born before 1105. Married Alice (Constable); died after 1187.

• Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall.

• Gundred of England (1114 – 1146), married 1130 Henry de la Pomeroy, son of Joscelin de la Pomerai.

• Rohese of England, born 1114; married Henry de la Pomeroy.

With Edith FitzForne

• Robert FitzEdith, Lord Okehampton, (1093 – 1172) married

Dame Maud d'Avranches du Sap.

• Adeliza FitzEdith. Appears in charters with her brother Robert.

With Princess Nest

Nest ferch Rhys was born about 1073 at Dynefwr Castle, Carmarthenshire, the daughter of Prince Rhys ap Tewdwr of Deheubarth and his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhywallon. She married, in 1095, to Gerald de Windsor (aka Geraldus FitzWalter) son of Walter FitzOther, Constable of Windsor Castle and Keeper of the Forests of Berkshire. She had several other liaisons - including one with Stephen of Cardigan, Constable of Cardigan (1136) - and subsequently other illegitimate children. The date of her death is unknown.

• Henry FitzRoy, died 1157.

With Isabel de Beaumont

Isabel (Elizabeth) de Beaumont (after 1102 – after 1172), daughter of Robert de Beaumont, sister of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. She married Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, in 1130. She was also known as Isabella de Meulan.

• Isabel Hedwig of England, born circa 1078

• Matilda FitzRoy, abbess of Montvilliers, also known as Montpiller

With Geiva de Tracy:

• William de Tracy, died shortly after King Henry.

With de Caen Concubine

• Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester. His mother may have been a member of the Gai/Gay/Gayt family.

Additional Children:

• Maud FitzRoy, married Conan III, Duke of Brittany

• Constance FitzRoy, married Richard de Beaumont

• Mabel FitzRoy, married William III Gouet

• Aline FitzRoy, married Matthieu I of Montmorency

• Gilbert FitzRoy, died after 1142. His mother may have been a sister of Walter de Gand.

• Emma, born circa 1138; married Gui de Laval, Lord Laval. [Uncertain, born 2 years after Henry died.]

Updated from a previous version of this profile. Not on the current version which has been mixed up.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England.

Henry BEAUCLERC King of England Plantagenet I had the following children:

21.

Hugues DE VERMANDOIS Ier Ier, son of Henri CAPET Ier roi des Francs Ier roi des Francs and Anne DE KIEV Reine des Francs Reine des Francs, was born in 1057. He was a Crusader, Commander of the Crusade in Byzantine Empire. He married Adélaïdec DE VERMANDOIS Comtesse de Vermandois et Valois in 1077. He died "18 octobre 1101" in Tarsus, Mersin, Turquie.

22.

Adélaïdec DE VERMANDOIS Comtesse de Vermandois et Valois Comtesse de Vermandois et Valois was born on 23 Sep 1050 in Lot-Et-Garonne, Aquitaine, France. She died on 28 Sep 1120 in Vermandois, Normandy, France. She was buried in 1120 in Cathedrale Saint-Etienne-des-Meaux, Meaux-Sud, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France. She and Hugues DE VERMANDOIS Ier had the following children:

23.

William THE CONQUEROR King of England I King of England I was born c. 1028 in Falaise, Normandie, France. He died on 9 Sep 1087 in Priory of Saint Gervase, Rouen, Duchy of Normandy, France. He was buried on 2 Oct 1087 in Abbé de Saint-Etienne, Caen, Normandie, France. He married Matilda OF FLANDERS Queen Consort of England.

William I (c. 1028 – 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman monarch of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose.

William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy and his mistress Herleva. His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father, as did the anarchy which plagued the first years of his rule. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke, and for their own ends. In 1047, William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy, a process that was not complete until about 1060. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. By the time of his marriage, William was able to arrange the appointment of his supporters as bishops and abbots in the Norman church. His consolidation of power allowed him to expand his horizons, and he secured control of the neighbouring county of Maine by 1062.

In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. Several unsuccessful rebellions followed, but William's hold was mostly secure on England by 1075, allowing him to spend the majority of his reign in continental Europe.

William's final years were marked by difficulties in his continental domains, troubles with his son, Robert, and threatened invasions of England by the Danes. In 1086, he ordered the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey listing all the land-holdings in England along with their pre-Conquest and current holders. He died in September 1087 while leading a campaign in northern France, and was buried in Caen. His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, settling a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. He did not try to integrate his various domains into one empire but continued to administer each part separately. His lands were divided after his death: Normandy went to Robert, and England went to his second surviving son, William Rufus.

...

One factor in William's favour was his marriage to Matilda of Flanders, the daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders. The union was arranged in 1049, but Pope Leo IX forbade the marriage at the Council of Rheims in October 1049. The marriage nevertheless went ahead some time in the early 1050s, possibly unsanctioned by the pope.

...

Family and children

William and his wife Matilda had at least nine children. The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters.

1. Robert was born between 1051 and 1054, died 10 February 1134. Duke of Normandy, married Sybilla, daughter of Geoffrey, Count of Conversano.

2. Richard was born before 1056, died around 1075.

3. William was born between 1056 and 1060, died 2 August 1100. King of England, killed in the New Forest.

4. Henry was born in late 1068, died 1 December 1135. King of England, married Edith, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. His second wife was Adeliza of Louvain.

5. Adeliza (or Adelida, Adelaide) died before 1113, reportedly betrothed to Harold Godwinson, probably a nun of Saint Léger at Préaux.

6. Cecilia (or Cecily) was born before 1066, died 1127, Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen.

7. Matilda was born around 1061, died perhaps about 1086. Mentioned in Domesday Book as a daughter of William.

8. Constance died 1090, married Alan IV, Duke of Brittany.

9. Adela died 1137, married Stephen, Count of Blois.

10. (Possibly) Agatha, the betrothed of Alfonso VI of León and Castile.

There is no evidence of any illegitimate children born to William.

Death

William led an expedition against the French Vexin in July 1087. While seizing Mantes, William either fell ill or was injured by the pommel of his saddle. He was taken to the priory of Saint Gervase at Rouen, where he died on 9 September 1087.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror

Also substantiated by “The White Ship” by Charles Spencer, published 2020, pg 30-31.

PONS (-[before Oct 1066]). No information is known about Pons other than his name, which appears in the patronymics attributed to his five sons. It is assumed that he lived in Normandy. His absence from the Norman primary sources which have so far been consulted in the preparation of this document suggests that he was of lowly birth. His absence from English records suggests that he died before the Norman invasion in England in 1066. m ---. The name of Pons´s wife is not known. Pons & his wife had [six] children:

Walter

Drogo

Richard

Simon

Osbern

High

From Geni.com.

24.

Matilda OF FLANDERS Queen Consort of England Queen Consort of England was born c. 1031 in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. She died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France. She was buried on 8 Nov 1083 in Église de la Trinité, Caen, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France.

Matilda of Flanders (c. 1031 - November 2, 1083, Caen) was the wife of William the Conqueror and, as such, Duchess of Normandy and Queen of England. She was regent of the duchy of Normandy while her husband was in England and also participated in courts of justice with him in the kingdom across the Channel. She was also the mother of two future kings: William II of England and Henry I of England.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathilde_de_Flandre.

William THE CONQUEROR King of England I and Matilda OF FLANDERS Queen Consort of England had the following children:

25.

Henri CAPET Ier roi des Francs Ier roi des Francs, son of Robert II CAPET King of France King of France and Constance D'ARLES Reine des Francs Reine des Francs, was born "4 mai 1008" in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. He was christened "23 mai 1008" in Reims, Champagne, France. He died "4 août 1060" in Vitry-aux-Loges, Loiret, Centre-Val de Loire, France. He was buried "10 août 1060" in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. He married Anne DE KIEV Reine des Francs.

King Henry I of France

Henry I of France, King of France French: Henri I de France, roi de France, Latin: Henricus I Franciae, rex Franciae, Spanish: Dn. Enrique I Capeto, King of France Also Known As: "Henri Capet", "Roi de France", "Prince of France"

Birthdate: May 04, 1008 Birthplace: Muelan, Paris, Orleannais, West Francia (now Ile-de-France, France)

Death: August 04, 1060 (52) Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, Vitry-aux-Loges, Centre, France Place of Burial: Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France Immediate Family:

Son of Robert II Capet, "the Pious" king of the Franks and Constance d'Arles, queen consort of the Franks

Husband of Matilda of Frisia, queen consort of the Franks and Anna of Kiev, Queen Consort of the Franks

Fiancé of Mathilde de Germanie

Father of

N.N.;

Emma Capet de France;

Robert Capet de France;

Hugues I 'Magnus', Comte de Vermandois and

Philip I, king of France

Brother of Emergarde de Auvergne; Hedwige de France, comtesse d'Auxerre; Hugues, roi associé de France; Adela of France, countess of Flanders; Constance de France, heritiere de Dammartin; Robert I le Vieux, duc de Bourgogne and Eudes de France « less Half brother of .... Capet Occupation: King of France (1031-1060), Roi de France (1031-1060), King of France, King of the Franks, King f France, Kung av Frankrike 1031 - 1060, King, Roi des Francs, duc de Bourgogne, Koning van Frankrijk (1031-1060)

26.

Anne DE KIEV Reine des Francs Reine des Francs was born in 1032 in Ukraine. She died on 5 Sep 1075 in Villiers Abbey, La Ferté-Alais, Essonne, France. She was buried in 1075 in La Ferte-Alais, Departement de l'Essonne, Île-de-France, France. She and Henri CAPET Ier roi des Francs had the following children:

27.

Robert II CAPET King of France King of France, son of Hugues CAPET roi des Francs roi des Francs and Adélaïde D'AQUITAINE reine des Francs reine des Francs, was born "27 mars 0972" in Orléans, Loiret, Centre, France. He married Constance D'ARLES Reine des Francs on 18 Sep 0998. He died "20 juillet 1031" in Melun, Seine-et-Marne, France.

28.

Constance D'ARLES Reine des Francs Reine des Francs was born "27 mars 0972" in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. She died "31 juillet 1032" in Meulan-en-Yvelines, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France. She and Robert II CAPET King of France had the following children:

29.

Hugues CAPET roi des Francs roi des Francs, son of Hugues LE GRAND duc des Francs duc des Francs and Hadwig VON SACHSEN, was born "3 juillet 0941" in Île-de-France, France. He married Adélaïde D'AQUITAINE reine des Francs on 11 Aug 0968 in Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. He died "29 octobre 0996" in Chartres, Eure-et-Loir, Centre, France. He was buried "24 octobre 0996" in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France.

Capet is regarded as the founder of the Capetian dynasty. The direct Capetians, or the House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328; thereafter, the Kingdom was ruled by collateral branches of the dynasty. All French kings through Louis Philippe, and all royal pretenders since then, have belonged to the dynasty.

=======================

Marriage and issue per wikipedia

Hugh Capet married Adelaide, daughter of William Towhead, Count of Poitou. Their children are as follows:

1. Gisela, or Gisele, who married Hugh I, Count of Ponthieu

2. Hedwig, or Hathui, who married Reginar IV, Count of Hainaut

3. Robert II, who became king after the death of his father

A number of other daughters are less reliably attested.

30.

Adélaïde D'AQUITAINE reine des Francs reine des Francs, daughter of Guillaume III D'AQUITAINE Comte de Poitou, duc d'Aquitaine Comte de Poitou, duc d'Aquitaine and Adèle DE NORMANDIE Duchesse d'Aquitaine Duchesse d'Aquitaine, was born in 0945 in Poitiers, Vienne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. She was christened in 0952 in Aquitaine, France. She died on 30 Oct 1004 in Seine-Saint-Denis. She was buried "AFT 30 octobre 1004" in Saint-Denis. She and Hugues CAPET roi des Francs had the following children:

31.

Hugues LE GRAND duc des Francs duc des Francs, son of Robert CAPET Ier roi des Francs Ier roi des Francs and Béatrice DE VERMANDOIS, was born "28 Augt 0898" in Paris, Île-de-France, France. He married Hadwig VON SACHSEN on 14 Sep 0937 in Oder, Steinberg, Schwandorf, Bavaria, Germany. He died on 16 Jun 0956 in Dourdan, Essonne, Île-de-France, France. He was buried on 23 Jun 0956 in Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France.

Hugh the Great (c. 898 – 16 June 956) was the Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris.

He was the son of King Robert I of France and Béatrice of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert I, Count of Vermandois. He was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France. His eldest son was Hugh Capet who became King of France in 987. His family is known as the Robertians.

In 922 the barons of western Francia, after revolting against the Carolingian king Charles the Simple (who fled his kingdom under their onslaught), elected Robert I, Hugh's father, as king of Western Francia. At the death of Robert I, in battle at Soissons in 923, Hugh refused the crown and it went to his brother-in-law, Rudolph of France. Charles sought help in regaining his crown from his cousin Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, who instead of helping the king imprisoned him. Herbert then used his prisoner as an advantage in pressing his own ambitions, using the threat of releasing the king up until Charles' death in 929. From then on Herbert II of Vermandois struggled with King Rudolph and his vassal Hugh the Great. Finally Rudolph and Herbert II came to an agreement in 935.

At the death of Rudolph in 936, Hugh was in possession of nearly all of the region between the Loire and the Seine, corresponding to the ancient Neustria, with the exceptions of Anjou and of the territory ceded to the Normans in 911. He took a very active part in bringing Louis IV (d'Outremer) from the Kingdom of England in 936. In 937 Hugh married Hedwige of Saxony, a daughter of Henry the Fowler of Germany and Matilda, and soon quarrelled with Louis.

In 938 King Louis IV began attacking fortresses and lands formerly held by members of his family, some held by Herbert II of Vermandois. In 939 king Louis attacked Hugh the Great and William I, Duke of Normandy, after which a truce was concluded, lasting until June. That same year Hugh, along with Herbert II of Vermandois, Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and Duke William Longsword paid homage to the Emperor Otto the Great, and supported him in his struggle against Louis.

When Louis fell into the hands of the Normans in 945, he was handed over to Hugh in exchange for their young duke Richard. Hugh released Louis IV in 946 on condition that he should surrender the fortress of Laon. In 948 at a church council at Ingelheim the bishops, all but two being from Germany, condemned and excommunicated Hugh in absentia, and returned Archbishop Artauld to his See at Reims. Hugh's response was to attack Soissons and Reims while the excommunication was repeated by a council at Trier. In 953 Hugh finally relented and made peace with Louis IV, the church and his brother-in-law Otto the Great.

On the death of Louis IV, Hugh was one of the first to recognize Lothair as his successor, and, at the intervention of Queen Gerberga, was instrumental in having him crowned. In recognition of this service Hugh was invested by the new king with the duchies of Burgundy and Aquitaine. In the same year, however, Giselbert, duke of Burgundy, acknowledged himself his vassal and betrothed his daughter to Hugh's son Otto-Henry. At Giselbert's death (8 April 956) Hugh became effective master of the duchy, but on 16 June Hugh died in Dourdan.

Hugues le Grand meurt le « XVI des calendes de juillet 956 », c'est-à-dire le 16 juin 956, au château de Dourdan. Sa sépulture se trouve dans la basilique Saint-Denis, nécropole des rois de France.

Hugh married first, in 922, Judith, daughter of Roger, Count of Maine, and his wife Rothilde, a daughter of Emperor Charles the Bald. She died childless in 925.

Hugh's second wife was Eadhild, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of the Anglo-Saxons, and sister of King Æthelstan. They married in 926 and she died in 938, childless.

Hugh's third wife was Hedwig of Saxony, daughter of Henry the Fowler and Matilda. Children:

1 Beatrice married Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine.

2 Hugh Capet (c. 939–997)

3 Emma (c. 943 – aft. 968).

5 Otto, Duke of Burgundy, a minor in 956.

6 Odo-Henry (Henry I, Duke of Burgundy) (946–1002)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_the_Great

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugues_le_Grand_(Robertien)

32.

Hadwig VON SACHSEN was born on 4 Dec 0910 in Provinz Sachsen, Prusse, Allemagne. She died on 14 Mar 0965 in La Chapelle, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France.

According to the medieval chronicler Widukind of Corvey, Hedwig was a younger daughter of the Saxon duke Henry the Fowler (c.?876-936), elected King of East Francia from 919, and his second wife Matilda of Ringelheim (c.?895-968). Her siblings were Otto I, who succeeded his father as king and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962; Duke Henry I of Bavaria; Gerberga of Saxony, who married King Louis IV of France in 939; and Archbishop Bruno of Cologne.

After her brother Otto I came to power in 936, an alliance and marriage was arranged with the West Frankish duke Hugh the Great, who sought support in his struggles with King Louis IV. Hedwig was Hugh's third wife. They married probably in May 937.

When Hedwig's husband died in 956, her son Hugh Capet was still underage. Although Hugh inherited his father's estates, he did not rule independently from the beginning. Along with her brother, Archbishop Bruno, Hedwig acted as Hugh's regent and administrator of the Robertian estates until he came of age. Bruno also held guardianship over his nephew King Lothair of France, son of his sister Gerberga, and temporarily raised to one of the most powerful nobles in West Francia. Hedwig backed her brother in his conflict with Count Reginar III of Hainaut and arbitrated in the rivalry between her son Hugh Capet and King Lothair.

Hedwig is last mentioned in 958 by the West Frankish chronicler Flodoard of Reims and may have died soon after; a 965 entry by Sigebert of Gembloux seems doubtful.

Hugues LE GRAND duc des Francs and Hadwig VON SACHSEN had the following children:

33.

Guillaume III D'AQUITAINE Comte de Poitou, duc d'Aquitaine Comte de Poitou, duc d'Aquitaine was born on 26 Dec 0910 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. He died on 3 Apr 0963 in Saint-Maixent, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. He married Adèle DE NORMANDIE Duchesse d'Aquitaine.

34.

Adèle DE NORMANDIE Duchesse d'Aquitaine Duchesse d'Aquitaine, daughter of Rollo DE NORMANDIE Comte de Rouen Comte de Rouen and Poppa DE BAYEUX, was born on 14 Oct 0920 in Normandie, France. She was christened in 0920 in Rouen, Normandy, France. She died on 14 Oct 0962 in Fécamp, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. She was buried aft 14 Oct 0962 in Saint-Maixent, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France.

Adèla de Normandie Duchesse d'Aquitaine*...Gerloc (or Geirlaug), baptised in Rouen as Adela (or Adèle) in 912, was the daughter of Rollo, first duke of Normandy, and his wife, Poppa of Bayeux. She was the

sister of Duke William Longsword. In 935, she

married William Towhead, the future count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine. They had two children together before she

died on 14 October 962: William IV of Aquitaine...Adelaide of Aquitaine, wife of Hugh Capet.

LESS

From Findagrave;

Gerloc (or Geirlaug), Adela (or Adèle) of Aquitaine

912–962

BIRTH 912

DEATH 14 OCT 962

Gerloc

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gerloc

Died 14 October 962

Noble family House of Normandy

Spouse(s) William Towhead

Father Rollo of Normandy

Mother Poppa of Bayeux

Gerloc (or Geirlaug), baptised in Rouen as Adela (or Adèle) in 912, was the daughter of Rollo, first duke of Normandy, and his wife, Poppa.[1] She was the sister of Duke William Longsword.

Guillaume III D'AQUITAINE Comte de Poitou, duc d'Aquitaine and Adèle DE NORMANDIE Duchesse d'Aquitaine had the following children:

35.

Robert CAPET Ier roi des Francs Ier roi des Francs was born c. 0860. He died "15 juin 0923" in Soissons, Aisne, Picardie, France. He was buried "15 juin 0923" in Saint-Denis-lès-Sens, Yonne, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. He married Béatrice DE VERMANDOIS.

Robert I of France was born in 866 as the posthumous son of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou, and the brother of Odo, who was elected king of West Francia in 888.[1] In time West Francia evolved into the Kingdom of France;[2] and under Odo, the royal capital was fixed in Paris. Robert and Odo came from the Robertian dynasty out of which the Capetian dynasty grew.[3]

In 885 Robert participated in the defence of Paris during the Viking siege of Paris.[4] He was appointed by Odo as the ruler of several counties, including the county of Paris, and abbot in commendam of many abbeys. Robert also secured the office of Dux Francorum, a military dignity of high importance.

He did not claim the crown of West Francia when his brother died in 898; instead recognizing the supremacy of the Carolingian king, Charles the Simple. Charles then confirmed Robert in his offices and possessions, after which he continued to defend northern Francia from the attacks of Vikings. Robert defeated a large band of Vikings in the Loire Valley in 921, after which the defeated invaders converted to Christianity and settled near Nantes.[5]

The peace between King Charles the Simple and his powerful vassal was not seriously disturbed until about 921 when Charles' favoritism towards Hagano aroused rebellion. Supported by many of the clergy and by some of the most powerful of the Frankish nobles, Robert took up arms, drove Charles into Lotharingia, and was himself crowned king of the Franks (rex Francorum) at Rheims on 29 June 922.[6]

Robert's rule was contested by the Viking leader Rollo, who had settled in the Duchy of Normandy in 911 with the permission of Charles the Simple. During Robert's reign, Rollo remained loyal to Charles, who continued to contest his deposition.[5] Gathering an army, Charles marched against Robert, and on 15 June 923 at the Battle of Soissons Robert was killed. However, his army won the battle and Charles was captured.[7] Charles remained a captive until his death in 929. Robert was succeeded as king by his son-in-law Rudolph, Count of Burgundy, also known as Raoul.

36.

Béatrice DE VERMANDOIS, daughter of Herbert Ier DE VERMANDOIS comte de Soissons comte de Soissons, was born in 0880 in County of Vermandois. She died aft 26 Mar 0931 in Kingdom of Soissons, France.

Little in known of Beatrice, wife of Robert I, King of France. She is named in two charters (once in full, a second only in abbreviated form as 'Be.') of her son Hugh the Great. She is not referred to as queen, which seemingly places her death before her husband succeeded to the crown. The latest date of the marriage can only be indirectly dated, by the fact that Hugh was an active adult in 922.

Robert CAPET Ier roi des Francs and Béatrice DE VERMANDOIS had the following children:

37.

Rollo DE NORMANDIE Comte de Rouen Comte de Rouen was born in 0846 in Scandinavia, Europe. He was christened in 0912 in Rouen, Duchy of Normandie. He died on 17 Dec 0932 in Rouen. He was buried on 22 Dec 0932 in Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Rouen, Rouen, Normandie. He married Poppa DE BAYEUX.

ollo of Normandy (circa 860 - circa 932) was a Viking, who became ruler of Normandy was born in (Scandinavia) and died circa 932 in France of unspecified causes. He married Poppa de Bayeux (c 870-c 910) .

Contents:

Rollo of Normandy was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy in modern-day western France.

Disputed origins:

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

Danish theory

Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

Norwegian theory

Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

Major achievements:

In the reign of Charles II the Bald, Rollo sailed up the Seine River and took Rouen, which he kept as a base of operations. He gained a number of victories over the Franks, and extorted the cession of the province since called Normandy. By the famous treaty which Charles the Bald and Rollo signed the latter agreed to adopt Christianity.

Biography details:

885 Siege of Paris

In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

911 Invasion of Western France

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.

In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple.[1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, and converted to Christianity, probably taking the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen.

There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.

Settlement of Normandy:

Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.

Death of Rollo:

Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

Residence at Falaise:

In Falaise, France, is a series of statues that pays tribute to the six Norman Dukes from Rollo to William the Conqueror. The castle here was the principal residence of the Norman Knights.

Children

Offspring of Rollo of Normandy and Poppa van Bayeux (c870-c910)

Name Birth Death Joined with

William Longsword, (893-942) 893 17 December 942 Sprota

Gerloc de Normandie (c912-962) 912 14 October 962 William III of Aquitaine (c900-963)

Dudo ii, 16 (p. 39) makes Poppa the mother of William, but does not give the mother of Gerloc/Adele. Guillaume de Jumièges (GND ii, 6 (v. 1, pp. 64-5)) makes Poppa the mother of both Guillaume and Gerloc.

King Charles III of France (The Simple), gave his daughter Gisele (c 908-933) to Rollo for marriage as the marriage to Poppa, was according to Viking custom and was then invalid in the eyes of the Church of Rome.

38.

Poppa DE BAYEUX was born c. 0872 in Bayeux, Calvados, Normandie, France. She was christened in 0872. She died on 11 Aug 0930 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Normandie, France. She was buried in Aug 0930 in Rouen.

Poppa of Bayeux (born c. 880 AD),

She was captured in a raid, and ended up in a common law marriage with the Viking Rollo.

She was the Christian wife or mistress of the Viking conqueror Rollo, who became the first ruler of the fiefdom of Normandy.

She was the mother of William I Longsword, Gerloc and grandmother of Richard the Fearless, who forged the Duchy of Normandy

In 911, the fiefdom of Normandy was created, confirmed by treaty between King Charles III of France and the Viking jarl (that is, prince) Rollo.

According to Luc De Boever, who authored the book “The Montgomerys from the Vikings to Our Present Day” (pg 11):

“The King of France, Charles the Simple, thought it easier to give to Viking Chief Rollo a part of Nuestria which in fact the latter had already conquered. The Archbishop of Rouen organized a meeting between Rollo and the King of France, Charles the Simple, at the Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in the autumn of 911. The two leaders drew up a treaty which satisfied both. Rollo could at last stop the fighting and start organizing his lands. Charles the Simple hoped thus to no longer have anything to fear from the one who is going to stop any new Vikings arriving through the Seine valley. Moreover, Rollo had agreed to support the King of France when in need.

“Rollo agreed to be baptized and to marry Gisele, the King’s daughter; for this to be possible Rollo had to give up his mistress Poppa. Gisele was very young and died before the marriage was consummated. Rollo could thus return to Poppa, and marry her.

“Once baptized, Rollo gained the support of the Church. He became subdued and ruled his territory from Rouen.”

"In a few years, from 911 to 930. Rollo established the foundations of his territory on a solid and lasting footing in Upper Normandy.

Rollo DE NORMANDIE Comte de Rouen and Poppa DE BAYEUX had the following children:

39.

Herbert Ier DE VERMANDOIS comte de Soissons comte de Soissons, son of Pépin II DE VERMANDOIS Comte de Péronne Comte de Péronne, was born in 0839 in Vermandois, France. He died on 8 Sep 0907 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardie, France. He was buried in 0907 in Vermandois.

Herbert Ier DE VERMANDOIS comte de Soissons had the following children:

40.

Pépin II DE VERMANDOIS Comte de Péronne Comte de Péronne, son of Bernard DE VERMANDOIS King of Italy Carolingian King of Italy Carolingian and Cunégonde DE GELLONE, was born on 12 Apr 0815 in Vermandois, Kingdom of France. He was christened bef 0818 in Vermandois, France. He died on 23 Feb 0854 in Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy. He was buried aft 23 Feb 0854 in Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy.

Pépin II DE VERMANDOIS Comte de Péronne had the following children:

41.

Bernard DE VERMANDOIS King of Italy Carolingian King of Italy Carolingian, son of Pepin I CARLOMAN QUENTIN King Of The Lombards King Of The Lombards, was born in 0797 in Bohain-en-Vermandois, Aisne, Austrasia, Francia. He died on 17 Apr 0818 in Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italia. He was buried on 21 Apr 0818 in Saint Amrosius, Provincia di Milano, Lombardy, Italia. He married Cunégonde DE GELLONE.

42.

Cunégonde DE GELLONE was born on 1 Jan 0797 in Bohain-en-Vermandois, Aisne, Picardie, France. She was christened c. 0800. She died on 15 Jun 0835 in Milano, Lombardia, Italie. She was buried aft 19 Jun 0835 in Milano. She and Bernard DE VERMANDOIS King of Italy Carolingian had the following children:

43.

Pepin I CARLOMAN QUENTIN King Of The Lombards King Of The Lombards, son of Charlemagne King of the Franks King of the Franks and Hildegard Queen of the Franks Queen of the Franks, was born on 12 Apr 0777 in France. He was christened on 12 Apr 0781 in Roma, Lazio, Italy. He died on 8 Jul 0810 in Milano, Lombardy, Italy. He was buried aft 8 Jul 0810 in Basilica di San Zeno Maggiore, Verona, Verona, Veneto, Italy.

Pippin the Hunchback (b. before 770 813) was the first son of Charles the Great (CHARLEMAGNE) of his first wife (or concubine) HIMILTRUDE. Accounts describe Pippin as normally proportioned with attractive features. However, his looks were marred by a spinal deformity from which his nickname is derived.

Due to his disability, Pippin was never a strong contender to succeed his father to the Frankish throne. Nevertheless, Charles treated his son well, giving him precedence over his younger brothers as was appropriate for his age. Pippin was an amiable fellow, and he grew to be a well-liked member of Charles' court. The hunchbacked prince probably held some hope for succession from his father. In addition, Pippin was an easy target for discontented nobles, who lavished sympathies on him and lamented the treatment his mother had received when Charles had divorced her in favor of a Lombard princess. Thus, in 780, Charles formally disinherited Pippin and had the pope baptize his third son, CARLOMAN, as Pippin. This move may have been prompted by Charles' third wife and the mother of Carloman, HILDEGARDE. The hunchbacked prince was a threat to her sons' succession, both due to Charles' doting attitude toward him and his name (Frankish succession had alternated between Charleses and Pippins for the last four generations).

Pippin was allowed to remain at court, and Charles continued to give the boy precedence over his younger brothers. Pippin also remained a popular "friend" of discontented nobles, and in 792, several counts played upon Pippin's dislike for his brothers to convince the deformed prince to play the figurehead in their rebellion. The conspirators planned to kill Charles, his wife Hildegarde, and his three sons. Pippin the Hunchback would then be set upon the throne as a more sympathetic (and more easily manipulated) king. The day of the assassination, Pippin pretended to be ill in order to meet with the plotters. The scheme nearly succeeded, but a Lombard deacon named Fardulf ultimately exposed it.

King Charles held an assembly at Regensburg to try the conspirators, and all were found guilty of high treason and ordered executed. Charles seemed still to have held fond feelings for his first son, however, for Pippin's sentence was commuted. Instead, Pippin was forced to enter the monastery of Prüm to live out the rest of his life as a monk. Pippin died there some twenty years later.

Pepin I CARLOMAN QUENTIN King Of The Lombards had the following children:

44.

Charlemagne King of the Franks King of the Franks, son of Pépin III King of the Franks King of the Franks and Berthe DE LAON Queen of the Franks Queen of the Franks, was born on 2 Apr 0748 in Franconian Empire. He died on 28 Jan 0814 in Royal Palace, Aachen, France. He was buried on 28 Jan 0814 in Palatine Chapel of Aachen, France. He married Hildegard Queen of the Franks.

45.

Hildegard Queen of the Franks Queen of the Franks was born in 0757 in Kraichgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. She died on 30 Apr 0783 in Thionville, Seine-et-Oise, France. She was buried in May 0783 in Abbaye Saint-Arnould, Metz, France. She and Charlemagne King of the Franks had the following children:

46.

Pépin III King of the Franks King of the Franks, son of Charles MARTEL Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and Chrodtrud, was born on 2 Apr 0714. He died on 24 Sep 0768 in Saint-Denis, royaume des Francs. He was buried aft 24 Sep 0768 in Saint-Denis Basilica, Saint-Denis, France. He married Berthe DE LAON Queen of the Franks.

Pepin the Short (Pepin III), c. 714-768, first Carolingian king of the Franks (751-68), son of Charles Martel and father of Charlemagne. Succeeding his father as mayor of the palace (741), he ruled Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence, while his brother Carloman (d. 754) received Austrasia and what came to be Thuringia. In 743 the brothers chose Childeric III, a Merovingian, as nominal king of all the Franks. With their help St. Boniface effected far-reaching reforms that strengthened the Frankish church and advanced the conversion of the Saxons. After Carloman had retired (747) to religious life, Pepin, with the consent of the pope, St. Zacharias, forced Childeric into a monastery and had himself proclaimed king (751). In return for recognition by the pope, Pepin defended Rome against the Lombards (754, 756), from whom he wrested the exarchate of Ravenna and other cities. These he ceded to the pope, thus laying the foundation of the Papal States. Pepin also extended his territories and subdued Aquitaine.

https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKSMaiordomi.htm#PepinLeBrefFranksA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Short

https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84128337/

https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84128337.html

http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1840857/

https://viaf.org/viaf/264661907/#skos:Concept

https://wikimonde.com/article/P%C3%A9pin_le_Bref

47.

Berthe DE LAON Queen of the Franks Queen of the Franks was born c. 0720 in Laon, France. She died on 12 Jul 0783 in Choisy-au-Bac, Neustrie, royaume des Francs. She was buried on 16 Jul 0783 in Basilique Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France. She and Pépin III King of the Franks had the following children:

48.

Charles MARTEL Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia was born c. 0688 in Quierzy, Aisne, Austrasia, Frankish Empire. He died on 22 Oct 0741 in Quierzy Royal Palace, Franconian Empire. He was buried aft 22 Oct 0741 in Church of the royal abbey of Saint Denis, Neustria, kingdom of the Franks. He married Chrodtrud.

49.

Chrodtrud was born c. 0688 in Wormsgau, Franconian Empire. She died on 22 Oct 0725 in Trier, Austrasia, France. She was buried in 0725 in Abbey of Saint-Arnould, Metz, France. She and Charles MARTEL Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia had the following children: